Hectograph composition



United States l atent 2,824,812 HECTOGRAPH comr-osrrioN Walter G. brautz, Delmar, N. Y. ,;assig nor toI Ge neral Aniline & 'FilmCorporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation ofDelawa'i-e 'No Drawing. Application December 20, 1954 Serial No. 476,603

Claims. c1. lilo- 145) v inventionrelates to the production of hectograph compositions, and more particularly to the use in such compositions of an improved vehicle or carrier.

,change'to bluish, yellowish or orange shadings afterabout 20 copies have been made. This is due in part :tothe fact that a combination of spirit-soluble shading colors which blend to a shade approaching black is almost always employed. Obviously, not .all shading colors may be blended together since certain ;forms are incompatible or do not produce the desired results. If the proper combination of shading colors is not'employ ed, and if the proper proportions of such shading colors are not carefully controlled, the uneven exhaustion ofthese combined colors during use of the hectograph material creates a progressive imbalance in the proportion of the colors whereby the color remaining in said hectograph material in the largest proportion will predominate, thereby producing progressively poorerand inferior black prints.

What has been said above with respect to the importance of employing the proper combination of dyestulfs applies with equal force to the vehicle, or dope in which the dyestufi composition is suspended. Thus, the vehicle in which the dyestuff composition is to be suspended must be capable of storage, in bulk, in the ink, and when coated, for extended periods of time without appreciable change, i. e., it should not gum, crystallize, change color, become rancid, change in moisture content under varying conditions of humidity or the like. It should have'a relatively low viscosity at temperatures of from about 160 to 2l2 F., the temperatures usually employed during admixture with the dyestufi composition and during the coating of the base, which may be paper, fabric, sheets made of synthetic film forming material, or the like. The vehicle or dope should also provide good adhesion with the base when and after it is coated thereon, should not be of such character as to smear, smudge, or stick to articles coming in contact therewith, should be sufficiently flexible to avoid flaking or breaking off, and should be capable of giving up color fairly evenly, consistently, and at the proper rate under hectograph printing conditions.

In formulating hectograph ink vehicles, it has been common practice to employ varying proportions of many different types of oils and waxes in order to arrive at a composition having the above-mentioned characteristics. However, none of these formulations has found universal acceptance due to lack of one or more of said charice acte'ris ticiand/or economic reasons or the-like. The instant invention is based upon the discovery that a hectograph ink vehicle haviiig the desired characteristics may be formulated by including therein sugar cane Wax in proportions of about 20 to 35 percent by weight of the vehicle, the remainder of the vehicle containing other oils and waxes in varying proportions.

Sugar cane wax 'is a wax obtained by an extraction of the filter cake from juice clarification of cane sugar and contains, among other constituents, varying amounts of unsaturated acids such as linolenic, linoleic and oleic acids. The particular sugar cane waxpreferredfor use in the instant invention is one having a melting point of about to -F.,--an acid number of about 20 to 30, and a sapoiiification number of about 65 to 75. Such a wax is available under the trade name of Duplicane 517. However, other similar sugar cane Waxes may be employed which have the required properties, the most important of which is a melting point within the range of about 160 to F., the lower portion of the range 'of temperatures employed during compounding with the dyestuff composition and during the coating operation.

Other waxes and oils which may be mixed with the sugar cane wax at -a temperature of 160 to 212 F. in formulating thehectograph ink vehicle of this invention "may be beeswax, carnauba'wax,.paraffin wax, Carbowax (polyethylene glycols), other vegetable waxes such as japan wax, montan wax, synthetic waxes, tacky mineral oil'foots, mineral oil, petro1atum,;-fatty alcohols, castor oil, laid :oil, and the like. It will be understood that the terms oil and wax asemployed herein and in the appended claims have reference to materials having oily and waxy characteristics,'i. e., their physicalproperties, as distinguished from their chemical constitutions. Preferred compositions are those including, by weight 20 to 35 percent of sugar cane wax, about 3 to 10 percent of beeswax, about 15 to 20 percent of castor oil, about 25 to 35 percent of mineral oil, and about 20 to 25 percent of petrolatum or lanoline.

. The hectograph ink vehicles of this invention are employed in the usual manner in formulating hectograph inks therefrom. Thus, the vehicle is mixed with the dyestuff composition at elevated temperatures of about 160 to 212 F. in the usual grinding mills, roller mills, and/or the like. Incorporation of maximum proportions of dyestulf composition in the ink is a desideratum, and in general, the ink should contain about 40 to 70 percent by weight of dyestulf composition therein. The hectograph ink may then be coated on to the base to be employed, at similar elevated temperatures, in any desired manner such as by rolls, doctor blades and/or the like.

The following examples, in which parts are by weight, are illustrative of preferred embodiments of the hectograph ink vehicles of this invention and are not to be regarded as limitative:

The dyestufis which may be mixed with the hectograph ink vehicle of this invention may comprise any of the usual mxtures of dyestufis employed in the hectograph ink art for attaining any desired shade. By way of example, the mixtures disclosed in my U. S. Patent Nos. 2,684,908 or"2,691,595 may be made use of in formu instant invention. Another highly advantageous dyestulf' Y filed April 29, 1953. "Ihisf composition comprises a mixture 'of '35 to 45 partsfof Crystal Violet (C. L681), 40 f to 45'parts of Chrysoidine (61.120) and J to 20jparts of Rhoduline Blue (C, 1.658), by weight and maybe s; suitably prepared by mixing the dyestufi components,

, and then drying the resulting slurry,

' certain preferred embodiments, and various modifications ';and variations thereof will'become obvious tothe person I skilled in the tart. his to be understood that 'such modi fications and variations are to be included ithin the i V the appended claims.

7 oils and waxes' of'which about 20 to 35 percent byweight about 20 to 25 percentof ;a member selected fronpthe' by' weighgtabout 23 parts of sugarcane wa v of' beesvvax, 18, parts, of castor oil; 24, p'art I and 0 p i cfmin a l- 1 4. A ,hectographjnk vehicle;

melting point ,oftfr om abouttl60 to 185 1F.,' Smarts of r V a of beeswax,,17 parts of castor, oil,f29 p oil and 20.5 parts of petrolatunnf;

'latin'g heetograph printing'in'ks in accordance with the 7 about 40 to 70percent of dyestufis ,,and about 60' to 30 composition which may be employed herein is that dis closed in my copending application- Serial ,No. 352,0 2 0,

; percent of a rhectograph ink vehicle comprising. about dispersing the resulting mixture in about 80 to 200 parts 10 2 0 w ss peg eptf f sugarcane wax" haying'a Vmelting' y *weight of water for each 100 parts' of dye mixture,

This invention has been disclosedlwith respect to petrolatum and' lan'oline. i-

8. A hectograph'ink conslstiiigessentially of byweight,

spirit and purview of this application and 1 a :23 parts of sugar cane wax having a melting pointjof from I'clairn: 1 t g:

,1. A hectograph ink vehicle consisting essentially of consists of sugar cane wax having a melting'point of from:

,2.: A hectograph ink vehicle consisting lessen y fo'f, 25 by weight," about 20 to 35 percent of'sugarrgane'fwax having a melting point of fromabout 160 t9 j 18f 'F., about 3 to 10 percent of beeswax, about 15 t ZOpe cent of cas'tor oil, about 25 m 35 percent of -n1ineral 'oil,.1and" castor an; 22 parts of lanoline, and parts iofimineral oil.

group consisting of petrolaturn and lanolinei 3, A hectograph ink vehicle consisting {essen 7 urn s91; about 11 69 to: n

melting point ,offrom about 160 to 185,?

U on is in s U V by"weight, about 25 pjarts of'isugarcanejhaving a- 24 103 4 Apt? 27'; 1948 '5. A hectograph ink vehicle consisting essentially of, 7

byrweight, about '29 ,parts of sugar cane wax ihaving'a melting point of from about 160 to 185 F.,14.5jpa rt sf a Qfminelr 45 O HER REFERENCES (l9 47),"publ ish ed by Reinhold (pages 136' ancll 138).

" 6. A h ectograph ink consisting essentially of, bytweight,

percent of a hectograph ink vehicle comprising oils and V waxes of which about 20 to tpercent consistsof-sugar v 5 cane wax having a melting point of from about 16 0 to. t

7. Ahectograph ink'coia's isting essentially of, by weight, about to 7,0 percent of idyestufis, *andiabout to'30 about 40 to "percent of dyestufis',: and about 60 to 30 I percent of a hectograph ink vehicle comprising. about about1i60 to; 185 E -5 parts of beeswax, 18 p'artsfof' V castor oil,- 24 parts of lar'iolin e and, 30pa rts ofmineral oil.

V 9; A hectograph'inli consisting essentially-of,- by weight, abOut lOTto 70 percent of dyestuifs; anl about'60'to'30' percent'of a hectograph ink vehicle comprising "about partsof sugarcane waxhaving a melting pointoffrom about 1 60,to"185f;F., 5, parts of beeswax,"18 parts of H 10.:A} hectograph'ink cohsistingfessentially of, by; weightfahout 40 to -70 percent of dyesltu ff s'jand about to" 30 "peieent offa hectographink vehicle comprising j abo'ut29 partjsi'oi'sugar cane Wei ?Having a melting 'pointf .11 11'Fa 4; ip re r w x; l

'Warth: ThefChemistry .andITe-chnology;of waiiesi A 

1. A HECTOGRAPH INK VEHICLE CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF OILS AND WAXES OF WHICH ABOUT 20 TO 35 PERCENT BY WEIGHT CONSISTS OF SUGAR CANE WAX HAVING A MELTING POINT OF FROM ABOUT 160 TO 185*F. 